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The M3 Lee or Grant was an American heavyweight medium of the Second World War. The first prototypes were built in 1941, and serial production was carried out in the period 1941-1942. In total, about 6,300 copies of this tank of all versions were built. The M3 Lee was powered by a single engine Continental R 975 EC2 340 HP or two engines General Motors 6-71 with a total power of 375 HP. It was armed with a single 75mm M2 or M3 gun in the hull, a single M5 or M6 37 gun mounted in the turret, and two or three 7.62mm Browning1919A machine guns.
The French campaign of 1940 made a great impression on the command of the US Army and made them realize that the M2 tank being put into production at that time did not meet the requirements of the battlefield. While waiting for the target structure, which turned out to be the M 4 Sherman, the project was commissioned to develop a transitional structure that would enable fairly equal combat with the Pz.Kpfw III and Pz.Kpfw IV vehicles. Yes, in 1941, the first prototype of the M3 Lee tank - called the Grant by the British - was created. The new tank had several advantages (nice armor when introduced to the line, high reliability and strong armament), but it had many disadvantages: low ability to negotiate obstacles, a very high silhouette that made camouflage difficult - especially in desert conditions - and low susceptibility to modernization. As a result of this, from 1943 it was systematically withdrawn from the linear units in favor of the M4 Sherman. However, it was used after 1943 by the Red Army in secondary combat directions and during the fighting in the Pacific by the Americans. Several versions of the car were created in the course of serial production M3 Lee. Chronologically, the first one was marked as M3 and still had riveted armor. A cast-armor version of the M3A1 followed shortly after, followed by the M3A2 with a welded armor. The last version was the M3A5 with riveted armor, but an elongated 37mm barrel.
The Battle of El Alamein, or actually the Second Battle of El Alamein, stayed carried out in the period from October 23 to November 4, 1943. The battle was fought between the German-Italian troops and the British units, supported, however, to a significant extent by Australian, New Zealand and South African troops. It is assumed that about 116 thousand people fought on the side of the Axis countries. people supported by approx. 550 tanks and approx. 800-900 aircraft. On the British side, around 195,000 people fought. people, supported by approx. 1,100 tanks and approx. 750 aircraft. The Second Battle of El Alamein was a kind of continuation of the battle, known as the 1st Battle of El Alamein in July 1942. As a result of this second battle, the Axis offensive towards the Suez Canal was slowed down and finally stopped. On the other hand, the struggle of October-November 1942 was a British offensive to the west, intended to completely push the enemy out of Egypt. It can be assumed that the commander of this battle on the British side - field marshal Bernard Law Montgomery - won mainly thanks to the material advantage and much better logistics. Undoubtedly, however, the British commander, aware of his advantages, decisively used them and led to a decisive victory for his troops, winning the greatest victory in his career. Axis troops lost at least 30,000. people (killed, wounded and captured) and about 500 tanks. The British lost approx. 13-14 thousand. people and about 330 tanks.